What happens when Artificial Intelligence takes physical form? Our latest conference proceeding from our partner Virtual Vehicle Research Center explores “Physical AI”—systems embedded in tangible devices that interact directly with the world—through the lens of automated driving.
Using qualitative data from a real-world driving study with 100 non-professional drivers and think-aloud protocols, the paper examines how users calibrate their trust in AI-powered vehicles. We identify four distinct user archetypes: Critical Users, Enthusiastic Adopters, Hesitant Sceptics, and Passive Believers. These findings offer critical insights into human-AI collaboration and show how trust shapes the future adoption of Physical AI.
Read the full paper to explore the archetypes and our methodology.
